For what purposes have coca leaves been traditionally used in South America?

Coca leaves have traditionally been used in South America primarily as a stimulant. The leaves contain alkaloids, including cocaine, which have stimulating effects on the central nervous system. People have traditionally chewed coca leaves to increase energy levels, combat fatigue, and alleviate hunger, especially at high altitudes where the air is thin and physical exertion can be particularly taxing. The stimulant properties help enhance endurance and physical performance, making coca a significant cultural and social element in various Andean communities.

In contrast, while coca leaves have been studied for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, these are not their primary traditional uses. Similarly, coca leaves do not function as sedatives, as their effects are more associated with stimulation rather than sedation.