What is NOT included in the term "manufacture" regarding controlled substances?

The term "manufacture" regarding controlled substances primarily refers to the processes involved in producing, preparing, or converting substances into a form ready for distribution and use. Compounding for personal use is generally characterized differently, as it involves combining or processing substances specifically for a single patient based on a licensed practitioner's prescription or order. This activity is considered a part of the practice of pharmacy or medicine rather than "manufacturing" per se.

The other options are directly related to activities typically associated with manufacturing. Research by a practitioner involves the exploration and development of new drugs, which is inclusive of manufacturing processes, while labeling under professional supervision deals with preparing the substances for legal distribution following manufacturing. Administering a controlled substance as part of treatment also aligns with the distribution and utilization of manufactured products in healthcare. Hence, compounding for personal use stands out as the activity that is not categorized under "manufacture."