Which action is clearly associated with 'Deliver or Offer to Deliver'?

The action associated with 'Deliver or Offer to Deliver' pertains specifically to the intent to distribute a controlled substance, and 'Offering a substance for sale' captures this essence directly. This phrase is commonly used in the context of drug laws and regulations, where the act of delivering or offering to deliver implies a transactional component, indicating an intention to sell or distribute a substance, which is often closely regulated under health and safety statutes.

The other options, while related to substance and public health, do not convey the same direct intention of distribution or sale. Monitoring substance usage refers to tracking or overseeing how a substance is used, conducting research involves studying substances for scientific or medical insights, and providing education focuses on informing individuals about drug use rather than engaging in the act of selling or distributing. Therefore, only offering a substance for sale accurately aligns with the action denoted by 'Deliver or Offer to Deliver.'